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FLUID PORT AND CONNECTOR Identification Guide
Quick Links Abbreviations Introduction Fluid port and connector identification tools American Connections National Pipe Tapered Fuel (NPTF) National Pipe straight mechanical (NSPM) JIC 37° Flare (SAE J514) SAE 45° Flare (SAE J512) SAE Straight Thread O-ring (O-Ring Boss) Flareless compression (SAE J514) O-Ring Face Seal (SAE J1453) SAE Inverted Flare (SAE J512) Four-Bolt Flange (SAE J518 and ISO 6162) O-Ring Pilot Threads International Connections British Standard Pipe British Standard Pipe Parallel (BSPP) British Standard Pipe Tapered (BSPT)) Flat Face Port with British Standard Pipe Parallel Threads (ISO 1179-1) Flat Face Port with Metric Threads (ISO 9974-1) ISO 6149 Metric Port and Stud Ends Metric 600o Cone Metric tube compression (DIN 2353 240 Cone) Japanese Industrial Standard JIS 300 Flare Komatsu 30° Flare (JIS Metric)
Abbreviations used for ID or the fittings and ports;NPTF National Pipe Tapered Fuel NPSM National Pipe Straight Mechanical ISO International Standards Organization SAE Society of Automotive Engineers JIC Joint Industrial Council NFPA National Fluid Power Association BSP British Standard Pipe DIN Deutsche Industrial Norme JIS Japanese Industrial Standard BSPT British Standard Pipe Tapered BSPP British Standard Pipe Parallel Introduction Because connectors and ports have many applications in fluid piping systems, you need to correctly identify them before adding or replacing them on a tube or hose, in your specific application.
Manufacturers use identifiers such as ASME B1 .1 and ISO 261, to classify the main thread characteristics: pitch, angle, diameter, and form. Some organizations that are developing these, are the International Organization for Standardization, SAE International, British Association, and Deutsches Institut für Normung, and the American Society of Manufacturing Engineers, American National Standards Institute.
Fluid port and connector identification tools Calipers: Used for measuring inner and outer diameters of threads Thread Pitch Gauge: Used to measure the amount of threads per inch, as well as the thread to thread spacing in metric applications. Accurate measurement of threads Before you start measuring the threads of your fluid pipe or tube, ensure that they are in good conditions. Distorted or worn out threads can give you inaccurate measurements. After confirming that your threads are in good conditions, measure their diameter and record. An I.D./O.D. caliper is a suitable tool for this. Match the dimensions provided in this guide with your recorded measurements. It is important to note that your measurements may not accurately match with the values provided in this guide. The slight differences are mainly caused by manufacturing tolerances. After measuring the diameter of your threads, determine their spacing in threads per inch. In the case of metric connections, measure the thread-to-thread distances. To get an accurate value, ensure that the thread pitch gauge is fitting well on the threads. Record the values and compare your measurements with the figures provided in this guide. Accurate measurement of four-bolt flanges Begin by using a caliper to measure the port hole diameter the bolt. Once you make a note of that, measure the distance from center to center of the bolt holes, noting the longest spacing. Dash numbers The sizes of tubes and fluid pipes are generally identified by abbreviations known as dash numbers, and are commonly used when ordering parts. When using a dash number to identify a fluid pipe or a tube, the numerator part of the fraction is just used. The denominator (which is always 16) is generally ignored. For example, 8/16" or 1/2" equates to size -8 . Note: dash numbers are nominal.
Since metric measurements give the true sizes of a tube or a fluid pipe, dash numbers do not apply for them. For example, for M12x1.0, the outer diameter of the threads is 12 mm with a 1.0 mm spacing between threads,
American ConnectionsNational Pipe Tapered Fuel (NPTF)The male and female threads connect and a seal is formed when the two are mated together (i.e. threads deformation). This is known as a dry seal thread. If additional sealing is required, teflon and pipe dope can be applied. The National Fluid Power Association (NFPA) does not recommend the connection for hydraulic applications, however it is commonly found in fluid piping systems
National Pipe straight mechanical (NPSM)Both male and female NSPM connectors' threads are straight, while the male has a 300 internal chamfer, the female has an inverted 300 seat. A mechanical connection is made when the both male and female are mated together. The tapered seat creates a leak-resistant connection, and are commonly found in fluid power systems.
JIC 37° Flare (SAE J514)
Widely found in hydraulic systems, both the JIC male and JIC female of this
connection have a 37º flare seat as well as straight threads. The flare seats of
the male and female seal together when the straight threads are joined. The
straight threads of the each half hold the connection together mechanically.
SAE 45° Flare (SAE J512)
These connectors are widely found in low pressure applications like refrigerant
and fuel lines, as well as automotive piping applications. Both halves have a
45° flare seat, and the threads of the each connector engage together to form a
tight mechanical connection, with the seal forming on the 45° flare seat.
SAE Straight Thread O-ring (O-Ring Boss)SAE J1926-1 and ISO 11296-1The female port of the O-Ring Boss has a sealing face, chamfer, and a straight thread. The male connector has an O-ring and a straight thread. The seal is made when the O-ring is squeezed into the chamfer. The male and female threads bind together to make a mechanically strong connection. This connection is common in high pressure hydraulic systems.
Flareless Compression (SAE J514)
The male half of this connection has a 240 seat with a straight thread. The
female has a compression sleeve with a straight thread. Along with the sleeve, a
female nut and tube partly form the female connection. With the male half, the
seal forms between the 24O seat and the compression sleeve. With the female
half, the seal forms between the tubing and compression sleeve. The threads mesh
together to form a mechanically strong bond.
O-Ring Face Seal (SAE J1453)This connection forms an impressive leak resistance and can be used in applications up to 6000 psi. The male half of the connection has an O-ring with a straight thread. The female half has a machined flat surface with a straight thread. A seal takes place when the O-ring on the male end is squeezed onto the female flat surface seat. The swivel nut on the female half holds the connection together.
SAE Inverted Flare (SAE J512)
Widely used in automotive systems, the inverted flare connection features a
machined male connector with a 420 seat, and a flared male tubing with a 450
seat. The female side has a 420 seat that provides a sealing surface. The
threads connect together to make a mechanically strong bond.
Four-Bolt Flange (SAE J518 and ISO 6162)Commonly found in fluid power systems, the Four-Bolt Flange works well connecting 1/2" to 3" hose and tube. The seal forms between the O-ring on the male half and the smooth face of the female port (with the O-ring seating on the ring groove of the male). Two clamp halves, held by four bolts, hold the connection together.
O-Ring Pilot Threads
This connection is widely found in automotive and commercial air conditioning
applications. Both male and female halves have a pilot (could be long or short),
and the seal is made when the O-ring is compressed. Threads tightly mesh
together to form a strong mechanical bond.
International ConnectionsBritish Standard PipeBritish connections are available in two categories: British Standard Pipe Parallel (BSPP), and British Standard Pipe Tapered (BSPT). British Standard Pipe Parallel (BSPP)
The male end has a 300 seat, which tapered nose of the female swivel makes the
seal with.
British Standard Pipe Tapered (BSPT)
The tapered male connects with a tapered female, with the seal forming in the
threads.
Flat Face Port with British Standard Pipe Parallel Threads (ISO 1179-1)DIN 3852, Part 2
The parallel threads make a seal using a number of different rings or washers.
The seal forms between the male end, and the smooth flat surface on the female
end. Flat Face Port with Metric Threads (ISO 9974-1)DIN 3852, Part 1
The parallel threads make a seal using a number of different rings or
washers. The seal forms between the male end, and the smooth flat surface on the
female end.
ISO 6149 Metric Port and Stud EndsISO 261 threads & O-ring seal
The male half has an O-ring and a straight thread, while the female half has a
machined surface, a chamfer, and a straight thread. The O-ring on the male half
compresses on the chamfer of the female port, to make the seal. (The ISO 6149 is
the same as the SAE J1926-1O-ring Boss, except the ISO 6149 has metric threads.)
The straight threads mesh to form a strong mechanical bond.
Metric 60° ConeDIN 7631
The male connector has a 60° recessed cone and a straight thread; the female has
a straight thread as well, and a globeseal seat. The seal forms between the
recessed cone on the male and the tapered nose of the female. The threads of
both halves mesh to form a strong mechanical bond. This connection is common in
hydraulic systems.
Metric Tube Compression (DIN 2353 24° Cone)
The male connector has a 240 Cone with a straight thread, while the three female
connectors have straight threads with a sealing surface. The seal forms between
the cone on the male and the sealing areas on the females.
Japanese Industrial Standard JIS 300 Flare
The male half has a 30° seat with a straight thread, while the female has a 300
seat with a straight thread as well. This connection and the 37° Flare are
alike, however it's 30° seat and BSPP-like thread dimensions make it different
from the American 37° Flare.
Komatsu 30° Flare (JIS Metric)
This connection has parallel metric threads with a 30° seat, and is common on
Komatsu equipment. While the JIS metric connection and the JIS 300 flare are
alike, the latter has BSPP-like thread dimensions.
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